Traffic control is carried out by means of road signs, road markings, road equipment, traffic lights, and also by traffic controllers.

Road signs have priority over road markings and may be permanent, temporary, or with variable information.

Temporary road signs are placed on portable devices, road equipment, or fixed on a shield with a yellow background and have priority over permanent road signs.

Road signs are used in accordance with these Rules and must comply with the requirements of the national standard.

Road signs must be placed so that they are clearly visible to road users both during the day and at night. At the same time, road signs must not be fully or partially obscured from road users by any obstacles.

Road signs must be visible from a distance of at least 100 m in the direction of movement and be placed no higher than 6 m above the level of the roadway.

Road signs are installed at the side of the road on the side corresponding to the direction of movement. To improve the perception of road signs, they may be placed above the roadway. If a road has more than one lane for movement in one direction, the road sign installed at the side of the road for the corresponding direction is duplicated on the dividing strip, above the roadway, or on the opposite side of the road (if there are no more than two lanes for movement in the oncoming direction).

Road signs must be placed in such a way that the information they convey can be perceived precisely by those road users for whom it is intended.

Signals of the traffic controller have priority over traffic light signals and the requirements of road signs and are mandatory.

Traffic light signals, except for a flashing yellow one, have priority over priority road signs.

Drivers and pedestrians must comply with additional instructions of the traffic controller even if they contradict traffic light signals, the requirements of road signs, and road markings.

Road signs are divided into groups:

a) warning signs. They inform drivers of the approach to a dangerous section of the road and the nature of the danger. While moving along this section, measures must be taken for safe passage;

b) priority signs. They establish the order of passing through intersections, crossings of roadways, or narrow sections of road;

c) prohibitory signs. They introduce or cancel certain movement restrictions;

d) mandatory signs. They indicate required directions of movement or permit certain categories of road users to move along the roadway or its separate sections, and also introduce or cancel certain restrictions;

e) informational and guide signs. They introduce or cancel a certain traffic regime and also inform road users about the location of settlements, various objects, and territories where special rules apply;

f) service signs. They inform road users about the location of service facilities;

g) supplementary plates to road signs. They clarify or limit the effect of the signs with which they are installed.

Road markings are divided into horizontal and vertical and are used separately or together with road signs, the requirements of which they emphasize or clarify.

Horizontal road markings establish a certain regime and order of movement. They are applied on the roadway or on the top of the curb in the form of lines, arrows, inscriptions, symbols, etc., with paint or other materials of the appropriate color in accordance with paragraph 1 of section 34 of these Rules.

Vertical markings in the form of white and black, red and white, and yellow and red stripes on road structures and road equipment elements are intended for visual guidance.

Road markings are used in accordance with these Rules and must comply with the requirements of the national standard.

Road markings must be visible to road users both during the day and at night at a distance that ensures traffic safety. On road sections where road users have difficulty seeing road markings (snow, dirt, etc.) or where the road markings cannot be restored, road signs corresponding in meaning are installed.

Road equipment is used as an auxiliary means of traffic control.

It includes:

a) barriers and light signaling equipment at places of construction, reconstruction, and repair of roads;

b) warning light bollards installed on dividing strips or safety islands;

c) guide posts intended to ensure the visibility of the outer edge of shoulders and dangerous obstacles in conditions of insufficient visibility. They are marked with vertical markings and must be equipped with reflectors: red on the right and white on the left;

d) convex mirrors for expanding the field of view for drivers of vehicles passing through an intersection or another dangerous place with insufficient visibility;

e) road barriers on bridges, overpasses, flyovers, embankments, and other dangerous sections of roads;

f) pedestrian barriers in places dangerous for crossing the roadway;

g) road marking inserts for improving drivers' visual orientation on the roadway;

h) devices for compulsory speed reduction of vehicles;

i) rumble strips for increasing the attention of road users on dangerous sections of roads.

Traffic lights are intended for regulating the movement of vehicles and pedestrians and have light signals of green, yellow, red, and white-moon colors arranged vertically or horizontally. Traffic light signals may have a solid or contour arrow (arrows), a pedestrian silhouette, or be X-shaped.

At the level of the red signal of a traffic light with a vertical arrangement of signals, a white plate with a green arrow on it may be installed.

In traffic lights with a vertical arrangement of signals, the red signal is at the top and the green signal at the bottom; with a horizontal arrangement, the red signal is on the left and the green on the right.

Traffic lights with a vertical arrangement of signals may have one or two additional sections with signals in the form of a green arrow (arrows) located at the level of the green signal.

Traffic light signals have the following meanings:

a) green permits movement;

b) green in the form of an arrow (arrows) on a black background permits movement in the indicated direction(s). The same meaning is carried by a signal in the form of a green arrow (arrows) in an additional section of the traffic light.

• A signal in the form of an arrow permitting a left turn also permits a U-turn if it is not prohibited by road signs.
• A signal in the form of a green arrow (arrows) in an additional section (sections), switched on together with the green signal of the traffic light, informs the driver that they have priority in the direction(s) of movement indicated by the arrow (arrows) over vehicles moving from other directions;

c) flashing green permits movement but informs that a signal prohibiting movement will soon be switched on.

• To inform drivers of the time (in seconds) remaining until the end of the green signal, digital displays may be used;

d) a black contour arrow (arrows) applied to the main green signal informs drivers of the presence of an additional traffic light section and indicates other permitted directions of movement than the signal of the additional section;

e) yellow prohibits movement and warns of the next change of signals;

f) a flashing yellow signal or two flashing yellow signals permit movement and inform of the presence of a dangerous uncontrolled intersection or pedestrian crossing;

g) a red signal, including a flashing one, or two flashing red signals prohibit movement.

• A signal in the form of a green arrow (arrows) in an additional section (sections) together with a yellow or red traffic light signal informs the driver that movement is permitted in the indicated direction, provided that vehicles moving from other directions are allowed to pass without obstruction.
• A green arrow on a plate installed at the level of the red signal of a traffic light with a vertical arrangement of signals permits movement in the indicated direction with the red traffic light signal switched on from the extreme right lane of movement (or the extreme left lane on one-way roads), provided that priority in movement is given to other participants moving from other directions on a permitting traffic light signal;

h) the combination of red and yellow signals prohibits movement and informs of the subsequent switching on of the green signal;

i) black contour arrows on red and yellow signals do not change the meaning of these signals and inform about the permitted directions of movement when the green signal is on;

j) a switched-off signal of an additional section prohibits movement in the direction indicated by its arrow (arrows).

To regulate vehicle movement on streets, roads, or roadway lanes the direction of which may change to the opposite, reversible traffic lights are used with a red X-shaped signal and a green signal in the form of a downward-pointing arrow. These signals prohibit or permit movement in the lane above which they are located.

The main signals of a reversible traffic light may be supplemented by a yellow signal in the form of an arrow inclined diagonally downward to the right, the switching on of which prohibits movement in the lane marked on both sides by road marking 1.9 and informs of a change in the reversible traffic light signal and the need to change to the lane on the right.

When the signals of the reversible traffic light located above a lane marked on both sides by road marking 1.9 are switched off, entry into this lane is prohibited.

To regulate the movement of trams, traffic lights with four white-moon signals arranged in the form of the letter "T" may be used.

Movement is permitted only when the lower signal and one or more of the upper signals are switched on simultaneously, of which the left one permits movement to the left, the middle one straight ahead, and the right one to the right. If only the three upper signals are switched on, movement is prohibited.

If tram traffic lights are switched off or malfunctioning, tram drivers must follow the requirements of traffic lights with red, yellow, and green light signals.

To regulate traffic at railway crossings, traffic lights with two red signals or with one white-moon and two red signals are used, which have the following meanings:

a) flashing red signals prohibit the movement of vehicles across the crossing;

b) a flashing white-moon signal shows that the signaling system is functioning properly and does not prohibit the movement of vehicles.

At railway crossings, together with the prohibiting traffic light signal, an audible signal may be switched on, additionally informing road users of the prohibition of movement across the crossing.

If a traffic light signal is in the form of a pedestrian silhouette, it applies only to pedestrians, with the green signal permitting movement and the red signal prohibiting it.

For pedestrians with visual impairments, an audible signal allowing pedestrian movement may be switched on.

Signals of the traffic controller. The traffic controller's signals are the position of the body and hand gestures, including with a baton or a disc with a red reflector, which have the following meanings:

a) arms extended to the sides, lowered, or the right arm bent in front of the chest:

• from the left and right sides, trams are allowed to move straight, non-rail vehicles are allowed to move straight and to the right; pedestrians are allowed to cross the roadway behind the back of and in front of the chest of the traffic controller;
• from the chest and back side, movement of all vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited;

b) right arm extended forward:

• from the left side, trams are allowed to move left, non-rail vehicles in all directions; pedestrians are allowed to cross the roadway behind the back of the traffic controller;
• from the chest side, all vehicles are allowed to move only to the right;
• from the right side and back, movement of all vehicles is prohibited; pedestrians are allowed to cross the roadway behind the back of the traffic controller;

c) arm raised upward:

• movement of all vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited in all directions.

The baton is used by police officers and employees of military road safety inspection units only for regulating traffic.

A signal given with a whistle is used to attract the attention of road users.

The traffic controller may give other signals understandable to drivers and pedestrians.

The requirement to stop a vehicle is given by a police officer by means of:

a) a signal disc with a red signal or reflector, or a hand pointing to the relevant vehicle and the further place of its stop;

b) a switched-on blue and red or only red flashing beacon and (or) a special sound signal;

c) a loudspeaker device;

d) a special display indicating the requirement to stop the vehicle.

The driver must stop the vehicle at the indicated place in compliance with the stopping rules.

If a traffic light (except a reversible one) or a traffic controller gives a signal prohibiting movement, drivers must stop before road marking 1.12 (stop line), road sign 5.69 "Stopping Place", and if they are absent, not closer than 10 m to the nearest rail before the railway crossing, before the traffic light, pedestrian crossing, and if they are also absent and in all other cases, before the crossing roadway, without creating obstacles for pedestrians.

Drivers who, when the yellow signal is switched on or when the traffic controller raises an arm upward, cannot stop the vehicle in the place provided for in paragraph 8.10 of these Rules without resorting to emergency braking, are allowed to continue moving provided road safety is ensured.

It is prohibited to arbitrarily install, remove, damage, or cover road signs, technical means of traffic organization (interfere with their operation), place posters, notices, advertising media, and install devices that may be mistaken for signs and other traffic control devices or may impair their visibility or effectiveness, dazzle road users, distract their attention, and put road safety at risk.