37.31. Venous bleeding is usually stopped:
UAЗупинка венозної кровотечі як правило проводиться:
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This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerns road safety through the driver's ability to provide pre-medical assistance after a traffic accident. In practice, it is the quick and correct stopping of bleeding that often determines whether it is possible to prevent critical blood loss before the arrival of medical professionals. Such knowledge is needed not only to successfully pass the theoretical exam, but also for real-life situations on the road, when the driver must act confidently and without panic.
The question tests section 2 of the Traffic Rules, specifically the driver's duties in the event of a traffic accident (points 2.10 (d) and 2.10 (h)): to take possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance and, if necessary, ensure the transportation of the injured person to a healthcare facility. The focus is on the basic tactics for stopping venous bleeding: it is usually recognized by the dark red (cherry) color of the blood and steady outflow without "spurting" and pronounced pulsation, and the danger lies not only in blood loss, but also in the risk of complications when large veins are injured.
Among the answer options, the correct one is the one that involves creating constant pressure on the wound, since tight compressive fixation (using a napkin/gauze and a dense pad under a bandage) compresses the damaged veins, promotes their clotting, and reliably stops the bleeding. The option with a tourniquet is usually not the basic solution for venous bleeding: its use has strict indications, can worsen tissue condition, and is more often associated with other types of massive bleeding or special situations. The statement that such bleeding "usually" stops on its own is dangerous in the context of traffic rules and pre-medical assistance, as delay during a traffic accident increases the risk of shock and fatal complications.
Clause 2.10 (d) (Section 2 "Duties and Rights of Drivers" — duty to provide first aid in case of a traffic accident)
In case of involvement in a road traffic accident, the driver is obliged to: take possible measures to provide first aid to the victims, and call (if necessary) an ambulance.
Clause 2.10 (h) (Section 2 "Duties and Rights of Drivers" — ensuring the transportation of the victim to a healthcare facility)
In case of involvement in a road traffic accident, the driver is obliged: if it is impossible to perform the actions provided for in subparagraph "g" of this clause, to transport the victims to the nearest healthcare facility using their own vehicle, after first recording the location of accident traces as well as the position of the vehicle after it has stopped; at the healthcare facility, to report their surname and the registration number of the vehicle (presenting an identity document, or a driver's license and the vehicle registration document), and return to the scene of the accident.
Thus, the correct answer is "By applying a pressure bandage," given that the Traffic Rules require the driver to take possible measures to provide first aid to victims in a traffic accident, and stopping venous bleeding during first aid is usually performed by applying a pressure bandage.
When providing first aid at the scene of a traffic accident, it is important to correctly identify the type of bleeding, as the method of stopping it depends on this. Venous bleeding usually has a dark red, "cherry" color, and the blood flows out evenly, without "spurting" and without pronounced pulsation.
The danger of venous bleeding lies not only in blood loss. If large veins are damaged, especially in the neck area, there is a risk of air entering the vessel during inhalation. This can lead to life-threatening complications, so it is necessary to act quickly and correctly.
The best basic method to stop venous bleeding in first aid conditions is to create constant pressure on the wound site. To do this, a clean napkin or gauze is applied to the wound, a tight roll of bandage or folded cloth is placed on top, and it is firmly secured with a bandage around the wound. Such a dressing compresses the damaged veins, narrows their lumen, and helps stop the bleeding.
If special materials are not available, it is initially permissible to temporarily press the wound with fingers, and, if possible, to raise the injured limb to reduce blood flow. However, the key step in completing first aid should still be the application of a pressure dressing, as it provides stable pressure and maintains the stoppage of bleeding.
Thus, the correct answer is "By applying a pressure dressing," since venous bleeding is most effectively stopped by constant compression of the damaged veins at the wound site, which stops blood flow and reduces the risk of complications.