37.30. The stopping of massive arterial bleeding is usually performed:
UAЗупинка масивної артеріальної кровотечі, як правило, проводиться:
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This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerns road safety through the lens of pre-medical assistance after a traffic accident. In critical situations on the road, knowledge of first aid algorithms is no less important than knowledge of signs or priorities, since massive blood loss can lead to death within minutes. That is why the traffic rules require the driver not only to stop and call an ambulance, but also to take possible measures to save the victims.
The theoretical exam covers the section on the driver's duties in the event of a traffic accident, in particular point 2.10 (subpoint "g") of the Traffic Rules, which directly states the necessity of providing pre-medical assistance. The practical essence of the topic comes down to understanding that massive arterial bleeding is recognized by bright red blood spurting in pulses, and requires the fastest and most reliable stoppage possible.
Among the proposed options, a bandage often does not provide the necessary effect in the case of massive arterial bleeding, because the pressure may be insufficient and the bleeding will continue. The statement that such bleeding "usually stops on its own" is a dangerous myth: when large arteries are damaged, every minute counts. The most typical solution in pre-medical roadside assistance is the use of a tourniquet (or a makeshift twist from available materials), since it allows you to quickly stop bleeding from a limb until medics arrive; additionally, it is important to record the time the tourniquet was applied and to organize the fastest possible transportation of the victim to the hospital.
Clause 2.10 (subclause "g" — driver's duties in case of involvement in a road traffic accident)
In case of involvement in a road traffic accident, the driver is obliged to: take possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance to the victims, and call an emergency (ambulance) medical team.
This exam question tests knowledge of the "pre-medical assistance" component, the fulfillment of which is directly required by the Traffic Rules in the event of a traffic accident; stopping massive arterial bleeding is an urgent action of pre-medical assistance and is generally performed by applying a hemostatic tourniquet.
Therefore, the correct answer is "By means of a hemostatic tourniquet," given that according to the definition of the Traffic Rules, the driver is obliged to take possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance to the victims, and the standard method for quickly stopping massive arterial bleeding is the application of a hemostatic tourniquet.
During a traffic accident or other trauma, the most dangerous situation is massive blood loss. The body can relatively quickly recover from minor blood loss, but with intense bleeding, a person can lose a critical volume within minutes, which poses a direct threat to life. That is why in first aid it is important to act in a way that quickly and reliably stops the blood flow.
Massive arterial bleeding is usually recognized by the bright red color of the blood and the fact that it comes out in spurts, "pulsating" in time with the heartbeat. This type of bleeding is the most dangerous because the rate of blood loss is very high, especially when large arteries in the limbs are injured. In this situation, there is almost no time for "waiting" or for ineffective methods.
Finger pressure on the artery above the wound can only be a short-term first step to gain a few seconds to prepare the main means. It is difficult to keep the artery pressed for a long time, it requires significant effort and is not a stable solution. Therefore, to reliably stop massive arterial bleeding, a tourniquet (or a twist as a substitute) is usually used.
The tourniquet is applied to the limb above the injury site, closer to the wound but on the side of the torso, and tightened just enough to stop the bleeding. It is important that the tourniquet remains visible and is not covered by clothing or bandages, and it is also necessary to record the time of application, as prolonged compression can lead to serious complications. After applying the tourniquet, the casualty should be taken to a medical facility as soon as possible.
Therefore, the correct answer is "With the help of a tourniquet," because in the case of massive arterial bleeding, the fastest and most reliable way is needed to completely stop blood loss from the limb until medical help arrives.