Clause 34.1 — 34 "Road Markings", 1 "Horizontal Markings", marking 1.2

Marking 1.2 — indicates the edge of the carriageway.

This clause checks the knowledge that the "right edge line" (the edge line of the carriageway) is a special marking for the driver to orient themselves by the boundary of the carriageway, and therefore it is most rational (and safer at night) to control your lateral position in the lane/on the carriageway relative to it.

Clause 11.1

The number of lanes for non-rail vehicles is determined by road markings or road signs, and in their absence — by the drivers themselves, taking into account the width of the carriageway, the dimensions of the vehicles, and safe intervals between them. At the same time, on roads with two-way traffic, drivers must keep to the right side of the carriageway.

Application to the question: during oncoming passing (especially at night), the requirement to "keep to the right side of the carriageway" is logically implemented by visually controlling the right boundary — line 1.2.

Clause 11.5

On roads that have two or more lanes in one direction, the driver must, whenever possible, drive closer to the right edge of the carriageway, except in cases of overtaking, bypassing, turning left, making a U-turn, stopping, or parking.

Application to the question: even when driving not in the far right lane (when the right lanes are occupied), the general traffic rule principle — "as close as possible to the right edge" (within your lane and with safe intervals) — suggests orienting by the right line, not the central/oncoming headlights.

Clause 13.1

The driver, depending on the speed, traffic conditions, characteristics of the cargo being transported, and the condition of the vehicle, must maintain a safe distance and a safe interval.

Application to the question: controlling the position of the car relative to the right edge line helps to avoid "drifting" towards the center/axis of the road during oncoming passing and better maintain a safe interval to oncoming vehicles.

Clause 1.10 (term "Carriageway")

Carriageway — an element of the road intended for the movement of non-rail vehicles.

This definition is needed to understand that edge line 1.2 indicates the boundary of the carriageway itself (and not, for example, the shoulder or another element of the road).

That is, the correct answer is "Relative to the line that marks the right edge of the carriageway," given that by the definition of the traffic rules, marking 1.2 indicates the edge of the carriageway, and the traffic rules require the driver to keep to the right side/as close as possible to the right edge and maintain safe intervals while driving.

During an oncoming pass at night, it is important for the driver not only to see the road, but also to steadily keep the vehicle within their own lane. At night, this is more difficult because oncoming headlights can cause glare, and central road markers are harder to perceive. Therefore, you need to choose a reference point that is most reliably visible specifically in the light of your own headlights and that will help you avoid drifting toward oncoming traffic.

The safest reference point is the line marking the right edge of the roadway. As a rule, it is better illuminated by your vehicle’s low-beam headlights, so it is easier to monitor without straining your eyes. When you drive while tracking your position relative to the right edge line, you reduce the risk of unconsciously “drifting” toward the center of the road and creating a dangerous approach with oncoming vehicles.

If you focus on the central road marking or on the oncoming vehicles themselves, two problems arise. First, the oncoming lights can temporarily impair your visibility and provoke errors in your trajectory. Second, focusing on the center of the road often leads the driver to unintentionally move closer to the centerline, reducing the lateral distance to oncoming vehicles, which is especially dangerous at high speed.

Even if you are not driving in the far right lane (for example, in the second or third lane), the principle remains: it is safer to stay closer to the right boundary of your own lane, maintaining a safe distance from vehicles traveling in adjacent lanes. Such control helps maintain a predictable trajectory and reduces the risk of both oncoming and side collisions.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Relative to the line marking the right edge of the roadway," since this reference point is best seen in your own headlights and helps keep the vehicle away from the centerline and oncoming traffic, reducing the risk of glare and collision.