2.28. Which of the following is prohibited for the driver?
UAЩо з переліченого водієві заборонено?
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This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerns the basic topic of road safety: a driver must operate a vehicle only when fully able to control the situation on the road. Any conditions that impair attention, reaction speed, or coordination sharply increase the risk of an accident, so the traffic rules establish direct prohibitions both for driving and for allowing others to drive.
The question tests knowledge of the section "Duties and Rights of Drivers" and specifically paragraph 2.9 a), b), g) of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, which often appears on the theoretical exam. The logic of these norms is simple: one must not create danger due to their own condition or knowingly allow someone who cannot drive safely to take the wheel. That is why the list combines three separate but related prohibitions: driving under the influence of alcohol/narcotics/toxic substances; driving while ill, fatigued, or under the influence of medications that reduce attention and reaction; and allowing someone in such a condition to drive.
The analysis of the options in this ticket comes down to the fact that each of the first three points directly corresponds to a separate subparagraph of 2.9 of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine: the first describes the prohibition of driving under the influence, the second supplements it with the prohibition of driving when ill, fatigued, or under the influence of medications, and the third transfers responsibility to the situation when the driver or owner allows another person to drive. Therefore, in the "one correct answer" format, the correct option is the generalizing one that covers all the listed prohibitions together, not just part of them.
The practical significance of this topic for learning and passing the exam is obvious: it is not enough to be sober "for yourself"—the driver is also responsible for the decision of whom to entrust with the wheel. Remember that allowing a person under the influence or affected by medications to drive entails administrative liability equivalent to that of the person who drove in a prohibited state, which is why these norms in the traffic rules are among the key ones.
Clause 2.9 a) of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine
The driver is prohibited from: driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or other intoxicants, or while under the influence of medicinal products that reduce attention and reaction speed.
This subclause checks knowledge of the direct prohibition of driving while intoxicated or under the influence of substances that impair attention/reaction (answer 1).
Clause 2.9 b) of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine
The driver is prohibited from: driving a vehicle while in a morbid condition, in a state of fatigue, as well as while under the influence of medicinal (medical) products that reduce reaction speed and attention.
This subclause covers the prohibition of driving in a deteriorated physical/psychophysiological state (illness, fatigue) and under the influence of substances that reduce attention and reaction speed (answer 2).
Clause 2.9 d) of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine
The driver is prohibited from: allowing persons who are under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or other intoxicants, or under the influence of medicinal products that reduce attention and reaction speed, or in a morbid condition, to drive the vehicle.
This subclause checks the prohibition of allowing persons who are intoxicated/under the influence of substances or in a morbid condition to drive (answer 3).
Thus, the correct answer is "Answers 1, 2, and 3," given that, according to the definition of the Traffic Rules, subclauses 2.9 a), 2.9 b), and 2.9 d) directly establish the respective prohibitions for the driver (driving while intoxicated/under the influence of substances; driving in a morbid or fatigued state; allowing persons in such states to drive).
In this question, you need to recall clause 2.9 of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, which explicitly lists the actions that are prohibited for the driver. The logic is simple: anything that impairs control over the vehicle or creates an increased risk for other road users is strictly prohibited by the rules without exceptions.
Firstly, it is forbidden to drive a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, as well as under the influence of medications that reduce attention and reaction speed. In practice, this means: if a driver has consumed alcohol, narcotic substances, or taken medications that cause drowsiness, slow down reactions, or scatter attention, they have no right to get behind the wheel.
Secondly, the rules prohibit driving in a state of illness or severe fatigue. Even without alcohol, a driver can be dangerous if, due to fever, weakness, dizziness, or overfatigue, they are unable to quickly assess the situation and respond in time to changes on the road.
Thirdly, there is a separate prohibition on handing over control to another person if that person is intoxicated, under the influence of such medications, or in a state of illness. That is, it is not enough to be sober and able to drive yourself: the owner or driver who hands over the wheel is also responsible for whom they allow to drive.
Therefore, the correct answer is "Answers 1, 2, and 3," since clause 2.9 a), b), g) of the Traffic Rules directly prohibits both driving under the influence or under the effect of medications, driving while ill or fatigued, and handing over control to a person in such conditions.