1.18. In which of the given illustrations is an intersection depicted:
UAНа якому з наведених малюнків зображено перехрестя:
This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine tests the driver's ability to correctly identify an intersection, since it is at the points where roads cross or branch that conflict situations between traffic flows most often arise and accidents occur. Understanding where an intersection begins and ends directly affects safety: it determines the rules of priority, the possibility of performing maneuvers, as well as prohibitions regarding stopping or reversing.
In terms of content, this task belongs to the section of the Traffic Rules dealing with terms and definitions (point 1.10), specifically the concepts of “Intersection,” “Adjacent territory,” and “Residential area.” In the theoretical exam, it is important to remember: an intersection is a place where roads cross, adjoin, or branch at the same level, and its boundaries are defined by imaginary lines between the beginnings of the rounding of the carriageway edges. It is specifically emphasized that exiting from an adjacent territory is not considered an intersection.
In the first option, the illustration shows an entrance/exit from a zone that, by its features and road sign 5.34, corresponds to a residential area, that is, an adjacent territory. Such an adjacency does not form an intersection in the sense of the traffic rules, because it is not a through road, but a territory for entry/exit (yard, parking lot, gas station, etc.). In contrast, the second option shows a branching of roads at the same level, where the carriageways form a common traffic node, and therefore this is an intersection according to the definition of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, which makes this option correct for the exam question.
Clause 1.10 (term "Intersection")
Intersection — a place where roads cross, adjoin, or branch at the same level, the boundary of which is the imaginary lines between the beginning of the rounding of the edges of the carriageway of each road. The place where an exit from an adjacent territory adjoins the road is not considered an intersection.
This clause checks the ability to distinguish an intersection (branching/crossing of roads) from an exit from an adjacent territory, which is not an intersection, as well as understanding the boundaries of an intersection (imaginary lines between the beginning of the roundings).
Clause 1.10 (term "Adjacent territory")
Adjacent territory — an area adjoining the edge of the carriageway and not intended for through traffic of vehicles, but only for entry to yards, parking lots, gas stations, construction sites, etc., or exit from them.
This clause checks the recognition of entry/exit from an adjacent territory: such a place adjoining the road is not an intersection (as is directly stated in the definition of "intersection").
Clause 1.10 (term "Residential area")
Residential area — yard territories, as well as parts of settlements marked with road signs 5.34 and 5.35.
This clause checks the understanding that entry/exit into a place marked with sign 5.34 ("Residential area") is essentially entry/exit from an adjacent territory and does not form an intersection.
Thus, the correct answer is "In the second one.", given that according to the definition in the Traffic Rules, an intersection is a place where roads branch at the same level, while the first image shows the adjoining (exit) from an adjacent territory/residential area, which is explicitly not considered an intersection.
To correctly determine where an intersection is depicted, you need to recall the definition from the Traffic Rules: an intersection is a place where roads cross, adjoin each other, or branch at the same level. An important feature: here it is specifically roads that form a common traffic node, and the boundaries of such a place are conventionally drawn between the beginnings of the rounding of the edges of the carriageways.
There is also an important clarification in the Rules: entering or exiting from an adjacent territory is not considered an intersection. Adjacent territory is, for example, a yard, residential area, gas station, parking lot, construction site, that is, places not intended for through traffic, but only for entry/exit.
The first illustration shows exactly the exit from such an adjacent territory: this is evident by the signs of a residential (yard) area. That is, there is no crossing or branching of two roads—there is only an exit onto a road from a territory that, by definition, is not considered a road in terms of an intersection. Therefore, this place is not an intersection.
The second illustration shows the branching of roads at the same level: the carriageways form a common place where traffic flows can diverge in different directions. This precisely matches the definition of an intersection, and its boundaries are determined by imaginary lines between the beginnings of the rounding of the edges of the carriageways.
Thus, the correct answer is "In the second one," since there is a branching of roads at the same level, while the first illustration shows only the exit from an adjacent territory, which is not considered an intersection.