Clause 14.3

The driver of a vehicle being overtaken is prohibited from obstructing the overtaking by increasing speed or by any other actions.

Explanation of application: in a situation where the black car has already started overtaking the bus, the bus driver (as the vehicle being overtaken) is not allowed to either increase speed or take any other actions that would create obstacles to the completion of the overtaking maneuver.

Clause 1.10 (term "Overtaking")

Overtaking — passing one or more vehicles involving entry into the oncoming traffic lane.

Explanation of application: this definition clarifies that the described situation specifically concerns overtaking (not just passing), therefore the prohibition from clause 14.3 regarding the actions of the driver of the vehicle being overtaken directly applies.

Thus, the correct answer is "Answers 1 and 2.", considering that according to the definition in the Traffic Rules, the driver of the vehicle being overtaken is prohibited from obstructing overtaking both by increasing speed and by any other actions.

In this situation, the black car has already started overtaking, meaning it is performing an overtaking maneuver by moving into the oncoming lane. At this moment, the bus is the vehicle being overtaken, and special safety requirements during overtaking apply to it.

Clause 14.3 of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine states that the driver of a vehicle being overtaken must not create obstacles to overtaking. The most typical ways of obstructing are directly specified in the rules: it is not allowed to increase speed to prevent the overtaking car from passing ahead, and any other actions that complicate the completion of the overtaking maneuver are also prohibited.

Practically, this means the following. If the bus driver starts accelerating while being overtaken, the black car will have to remain in the oncoming lane longer, which increases the risk of a head-on collision with oncoming traffic. Similarly, any other actions that hinder the maneuver (for example, moving closer to the center line, changing trajectory without necessity, "closing off" the space for returning to the lane) are also prohibited, as they create danger during overtaking.

It is important to understand that this requirement applies not only to buses, but to any driver being overtaken: their duty is not to complicate the maneuver, but on the contrary—not to hinder the safe completion of overtaking.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Answers 1 and 2," since the bus driver is prohibited from obstructing overtaking both by increasing speed and by any other actions that complicate the completion of the maneuver.