9.11. In which illustration does the driver correctly give a signal before turning right in case of malfunction of the direction indicators?
UAНа якому малюнку водій правильно подав сигнал перед поворотом праворуч у разі несправності світлових покажчиків повороту?
This is an exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine that tests knowledge of hand signals, which directly affect road safety. When other road users do not receive a clear signal about the driver's intentions, the risk of an accident increases sharply, especially before turns and lane changes. That is why theoretical exams often include situations where it is necessary to correctly identify a hand gesture instead of a turn signal.
The question belongs to Section 9 of the Traffic Rules, topic "Warning signals," specifically clause 9.3 of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine. It defines how to give hand signals in the absence or malfunction of light turn indicators: for a right turn, it is allowed either to extend the right hand to the side or to give a signal with the left hand extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upwards. In the illustrated options, the correct one is where the left hand is shown "to the side + bent upwards at 90 degrees," as this is an unambiguous gesture for a right turn according to the traffic rules.
The other images correspond to other driver intentions, so they should not be chosen: a hand simply extended to the side is used to signal a left turn, and a hand raised upwards warns of braking or stopping. In practice, it is important to give a hand signal in advance so that other drivers and pedestrians have time to react, and to stop the signal immediately before starting the maneuver, as steering control should be the priority during the turn.
Clause 9.3 (Section 9 "Warning signals")
"In the absence or malfunction of turn signal lights, signals for starting to move from the right edge of the carriageway, stopping on the left, turning left, making a U-turn, or changing lanes to the left are given with the left arm extended to the side, or with the right arm extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upward. Signals for starting to move from the left edge of the carriageway, stopping on the right, turning right, or changing lanes to the right are given with the right arm extended to the side, or with the left arm extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upward. In the absence or malfunction of brake signals, such a signal is given with the left or right arm raised upward."
This clause specifies that when turning right with malfunctioning turn signals, the signal is given either with the right arm extended to the side, or with the left arm extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upward.
That is, the correct answer is "In the first one.", given that according to the definition in the Traffic Rules, the right turn signal in case of malfunctioning indicators is given with the left arm extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upward (or with the right arm extended to the side).
This question considers a situation where the turn signal lights are not working, so the driver is required to warn other road users with a hand signal. Such signals are used instead of turn indicators and must be clear and unambiguous.
According to clause 9.3 of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, the intention to turn right can be shown in two ways: either with the right arm extended to the right side, or with the left arm extended out and bent at the elbow at a right angle upwards. For a car driver, the second option is most often used in practice, when the signal is given with the left arm through the window.
The first illustration shows the correct gesture for a right turn when signaling with the left arm: the arm is extended out and bent at the elbow upwards at a 90-degree angle. This is the hand signal established by the Traffic Rules to indicate the driver's intention to turn right.
The other options are not suitable: when the arm is simply extended out to the side, it corresponds to a left turn signal, and an arm raised straight up is used to warn about braking or stopping, not about turning right.
Therefore, the correct answer is "In the first one," since that illustration shows the correct hand signal for a right turn: the left arm extended out and bent at the elbow upwards at a right angle, as required by clause 9.3 of the Traffic Rules.