54.30. Which of the following is prohibited for a bus driver?
UAЩо з переліченого заборонено водієві автобуса?
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This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerns the safety of passenger transportation and the prevention of injuries during boarding and disembarking. In public transport, the most dangerous moments are associated with the doors: a sudden jolt, moving with the doors partially open, or opening the doors while in motion can lead to a passenger falling, clothing or bags being caught, and other incidents.
The question tests knowledge of the section of the Traffic Rules regarding the transportation of passengers, specifically the requirements of clause 21.4. According to this clause, the driver of a bus (or trolleybus) is prohibited from starting to move until the doors are fully closed, and is forbidden to open the doors before the vehicle has come to a complete stop. This rule is of key importance for the theoretical exam, as it directly defines the boundaries of permitted driver behavior during stops.
The other answer options are not prohibited under clause 21.4: requiring passengers to fulfill their duties is generally allowed within the rules of transportation, and not handing over luggage without a receipt is a logical condition to avoid mistakes and abuse. In contrast, actions involving the doors are clearly defined by the Traffic Rules of Ukraine as unacceptable, since they directly affect the life and health of passengers and are a typical focus of exam questions on the topic of 'traffic rules and passenger transportation.'
Clause 21.4
The driver of a bus (trolleybus) is prohibited from starting to move before the doors are fully closed and from opening them before the vehicle has come to a complete stop.
Application: this clause directly establishes a prohibition for the bus driver to start moving if the doors are not yet closed, as well as to open the doors until the bus has come to a complete stop.
That is, the correct answer is "To start moving before the doors are fully closed and to open them before the bus has come to a complete stop," given that, according to the definition in the Traffic Rules, clause 21.4 directly prohibits these actions for the driver of a bus (trolleybus).
When a bus driver is boarding or disembarking passengers, they are responsible not only for the movement of the vehicle, but also for ensuring safe conditions for people in the doorway and on the step. At this moment, any sudden jerk or change in the position of the bus can cause a passenger to fall or get their clothing/bag caught in the doors.
Clause 21.4 of the Traffic Rules establishes a direct requirement for the bus driver regarding the doors: movement may only begin after the doors are fully closed, and they may be opened only after the bus has come to a complete stop. This rule eliminates the most dangerous situations, such as when people have not yet finished boarding or alighting and the bus starts moving, or when the doors open while the bus is still in motion.
Imagine a typical stop: a passenger steps onto the step, and the bus starts moving with the doors half open. The person may lose their balance and fall onto the roadway. Another example: the bus is still rolling up to the stop, but the doors are already opening — a passenger may try to get out early, which creates a direct risk of injury.
Therefore, the correct answer is "Starting to move before the doors are fully closed and opening them before the bus has come to a complete stop," because clause 21.4 of the Traffic Rules requires that the doors be fully closed before starting to move and allows them to be opened only after a complete stop for the safety of passengers.