52.37. Buses engaged in international traffic must be obligatorily equipped with:
UAАвтобуси, які беруть участь у міжнародному русі, мають бути обов'язково обладнані:
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This exam question concerns road safety and the monitoring of drivers’ work and rest periods during international bus transportation. On long-distance routes, driver fatigue is one of the main risks, so the law requires technical devices that objectively record driving time, breaks, and rest. Such regulations directly affect whether a vehicle is allowed on an international route and are often checked during road inspections.
The content of this question tests knowledge of how the Traffic Rules of Ukraine relate to special transport legislation: the traffic rules themselves do not have a separate provision that directly lists equipment for international buses, but the Traffic Rules (in particular, the general provisions about the obligation to know and comply with requirements and responsibility for violations) lead to the necessity of following the norms of the Law of Ukraine "On Motor Transport." It is this law that establishes the mandatory use of a control device for recording drivers’ work and rest periods for vehicles intended for international transportation, namely a tachograph.
During the theoretical exam, it is important not to confuse the options: a tachometer only shows engine revolutions and does not monitor the driver’s working hours; GPS may be useful for navigation and route monitoring, but does not replace the official recording of work and rest periods; the statement about "all devices" is excessive, because the requirement specifically for international traffic concerns the tachograph as a control device. Understanding this difference helps to correctly answer exam questions on the Traffic Rules of Ukraine and to be aware of the practical requirements for international transportation.
Clause 1.1
These Rules, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Road Traffic," establish a unified procedure for road traffic throughout the entire territory of Ukraine.
Clause 1.3
Road users are obliged to know and strictly comply with the requirements of these Rules, as well as to be mutually courteous.
Clause 1.9
Persons who violate these Rules are liable in accordance with the law.
Within the framework of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, there is no separate direct provision such as "buses participating in international traffic must be equipped with a tachograph"; the requirement for a tachograph for international transportation arises from the requirements of special legislation (in particular, the Law of Ukraine "On Motor Transport"), while the Traffic Rules, in turn, establish the obligation of participants to know and comply with regulatory requirements and liability for their violation.
Thus, the correct answer is "With a tachograph.", given that for buses in international traffic, compliance with the requirements of special legislation regarding the use of control devices (tachographs) is mandatory, and the Traffic Rules establish the general obligation for road users to know and strictly comply with established rules and provide for liability for their violation.
When a bus is engaged in international transportation, it operates according to the rules not only of Ukraine but also of the countries through which its route passes. On such trips, it is especially important to monitor how long the driver operates the vehicle and whether he observes breaks and rest periods, since driver fatigue is one of the most dangerous factors on the road.
Therefore, legislation on motor transport requires that vehicles intended for international traffic be equipped with a control device that records the driver's work and rest periods. This refers to a tachograph: it automatically records driving time, stop periods, and rest periods, which makes it possible to verify compliance with established standards during the trip.
For example, if a bus is traveling from Ukraine to Poland or Romania, during inspections along the route, records of the driver's driving and rest periods may be checked. Without a tachograph, it is impossible to confirm compliance with these requirements, and therefore the bus will not meet the mandatory conditions for international transportation.
Thus, the correct answer is "Tachograph," since for international bus transportation, it is mandatory to have a device that records the driver's work and rest periods and ensures compliance with the relevant requirements along the route.