51.12. During transportation, cargo must not:
UAПід час транспортування вантаж не повинен:
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This is an exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerning road safety during cargo transportation: how cargo can affect visibility, the perception of vehicle signals by other road users, and the cleanliness of the roadway. In the theoretical exam, such wording tests the understanding that even a properly loaded vehicle can become dangerous if the cargo interferes with driving, obscures signals, or causes road contamination.
The question tests knowledge of the section of the Traffic Rules regarding cargo transportation, specifically the requirements of clause 22.3 (subclauses c, d, e). According to these standards, cargo must not restrict the driver's visibility and must not cover external lighting devices, reflectors, license plates, or identification marks—these conditions are key to preventing accidents and enabling vehicle identification. Separately, the Traffic Rules require that cargo must not create noise, raise dust, or pollute the roadway and the environment, as this worsens driving conditions for everyone.
Analysis of the options in this exam question shows that the correct answer combines the requirements for visibility and the visibility of lighting devices and signs: these prohibitions are directly stated in clauses 22.3 v and 22.3 h. The statement about a "characteristic unpleasant odor" is not an independent prohibition in the traffic rules, so options where it is added as a mandatory condition are incorrect: an odor may be present if the cargo is properly packaged and does not cause pollution or other hazards. In practice, this means that before departure, the driver must check whether the cargo blocks visibility, headlights/lamps, reflectors, or the license plate, and whether it creates dust or dirt on the road.
Clause 22.3. [v]
Cargo transportation is permitted provided that it: does not restrict the driver's visibility.
Clause 22.3. [h]
Cargo transportation is permitted provided that it: does not cover external lighting devices, retroreflective devices, license plates, and identification marks.
Clause 22.3. [g]
Cargo transportation is permitted provided that it: does not create noise, does not raise dust, and does not pollute the roadway or the environment.
That is, the correct answer is "Answers 1, 2.", considering that according to the definition in the Traffic Rules, cargo during transportation must not restrict the driver's visibility and must not cover external lighting/retroreflective devices and license and identification plates (clause 22.3 [v], [h]), whereas there is no prohibition on a "distinctive smell" in clause 22.3.
When transporting cargo, the driver is responsible not only for its preservation but also for ensuring that the cargo does not create a danger to traffic. Therefore, the Rules set specific requirements regarding how the cargo may affect visibility and the proper functioning of the vehicle's "signals" for other road users.
Firstly, the cargo must not impair the driver’s view of the road. For example, if items are secured inside the cabin or on the roof in such a way that they block the field of view through the windshield or side windows, the driver will notice a pedestrian, sign, or obstacle later. That is why restricting visibility during transportation is unacceptable.
Secondly, the cargo must not cover external lighting devices, reflective elements, the license plate, or other identification markings. For example, if the cargo covers the rear lights or the license plate, other drivers may not see braking or turning signals and will also be unable to identify the vehicle. This directly contradicts the safety requirements for transportation.
The Rules also specifically note that the cargo must not create excessive noise, raise dust, or pollute the roadway and the environment. However, a "distinctive odor" from the cargo itself is not grounds for prohibiting transportation if other requirements are met (the cargo is properly packaged and does not cause pollution or danger).
Therefore, the correct answer is "Answers 1, 2," since during transportation the cargo must not restrict the driver’s visibility and must not cover lighting/reflective devices, license plates, or identification signs, while the presence of an odor alone is not prohibited by the Rules.