37.5. What is the frequency of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in casualties:
UAЯка частота натискань на грудну клітку при проведенні серцево-легеневої реанімації у постраждалих:
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This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerns road safety through the driver's duties after a traffic accident: sometimes it is the driver or a witness who is the first to provide pre-medical assistance before the arrival of the ambulance. Knowledge of the basic principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation directly affects the victim's chances of survival, which is why such topics are logically included in the theoretical exam as part of preparing a responsible road user.
The question tests the section of the traffic rules related to the driver's actions in the event of a road accident, primarily item 2.10 (the obligation to take possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance and call for emergency medical help). Although the medical parameters are not detailed in the traffic rules themselves, the standard compression rate during CPR is established in the exam training materials: a guideline of about 100 compressions per minute (modern recommendations often indicate a range of 100–120) to maintain effective blood circulation without unnecessary pauses.
The analysis of the answer options comes down to the correct compression rhythm: 80 per minute is too slow a pace, which may result in insufficient blood "pumping"; the statement that it makes no difference and the main thing is to press without stopping is also incorrect, because both continuity and the correct frequency are important for effectiveness. That is why, in exam questions, the accepted correct guideline is 100 compressions per minute, and in CPR practice, additional training is given to minimize interruptions and (if skilled) to combine compressions with breaths in a 30:2 ratio.
Clause 2.10 (driver's duties in case of involvement in a road traffic accident)
In case of involvement in a road traffic accident, the driver is obliged, in particular, to take possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance to the victims, call emergency (ambulance) medical services, and notify the police.
This exam question "draws upon" knowledge of pre-medical assistance precisely because the Traffic Rules require the driver to provide pre-medical assistance to victims in a traffic accident; at the same time, specific medical parameters (in particular, the frequency of compressions during CPR) are not detailed in the text of the Traffic Rules and are checked according to the pre-medical assistance training materials included in the driver's exam preparation.
Thus, the correct answer is "100 per minute," given that according to the definition in the Traffic Rules, the driver in the event of an accident is obliged to take possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance to victims, and the frequency of compressions during CPR in the training materials for the exam is accepted as 100 compressions per minute.
During a traffic accident, the driver may be the first to provide pre-medical assistance to the victim before the arrival of medical professionals. If a person is unconscious and does not have normal breathing, the most important task is to maintain blood circulation so that oxygen continues to flow to the brain and other vital organs. This is exactly why chest compressions are performed.
The effectiveness of such compressions depends not only on the correct hand placement and sufficient depth, but also on the rhythm. When compressions are too infrequent, the blood does not have time to be "pumped" in the required volume, and resuscitation becomes ineffective. If compressions are performed chaotically or with frequent pauses, the pressure in the vessels drops, and the achieved result is quickly lost. Therefore, in the training requirements for pre-medical assistance, which are taken into account in exam questions, a guideline is established: about 100 compressions per minute as the basic correct tempo.
In CPR practice, it is also taught to perform compressions in series with minimal interruptions (for adults, compressions are typically combined with breaths in a ratio of 30 to 2), but this question specifically checks the frequency of compressions. Therefore, the answer should indicate the standard tempo, which is easy to remember and reproduce.
Thus, the correct answer is "100 per minute," since during CPR, chest compressions should be performed at a steady rhythm of about 100 times per minute to maintain effective blood circulation without unnecessary pauses.