37.47. If the casualty shows signs of a closed fracture, you should:
UAЯкщо у постраждалого є ознаки закритого перелому, потрібно:
Question without image
This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerns road safety and the actions of participants in a traffic accident when there are injured persons. In the theoretical exam, it is important to understand that the traffic rules require not only stopping and ensuring safety at the scene, but also, within your abilities, providing pre-medical assistance to the injured before the arrival of medical professionals. Knowledge of the basic principles of assistance in case of suspected closed fracture directly affects the reduction of complication risks and can prevent additional injuries.
The question tests the section of the Traffic Rules regarding the driver's duties in the event of involvement in a traffic accident, in particular the requirements of clause 2.10 on taking possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance and calling an ambulance. In the context of the definition of a traffic accident (clause 1.10), it is emphasized that injuries such as fractures are typical consequences of accidents, so the driver should be familiar with the basic first aid actions expected of them according to the traffic rules.
The analysis of the options in this task comes down to the fact that all proposed actions complement each other and together correspond to the correct tactics. Providing a comfortable position reduces pain and limits unnecessary movement in the injured area, while immobilization of the limb with a splint or improvised means (board, stick, thick cardboard) is necessary to reliably immobilize the site of the possible fracture and the adjacent joints. Since both steps are components of pre-medical assistance in suspected closed fracture, within the scope of this exam question, the correct conclusion is that the entire set of actions should be performed carefully and without unnecessary movement of the injured person, while simultaneously organizing a call to emergency services.
Clause 2.10 (driver's duties in case of involvement in a road traffic accident)
The driver involved in a traffic accident is obliged, in particular: "to take possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance to the victims, call for emergency medical aid...".
This clause of the Traffic Rules checks the knowledge that the driver (or another participant who can help) must ensure the provision of pre-medical assistance to the victim. Practical actions in case of suspected closed fracture (providing a comfortable position, immobilizing the limb with a splint or improvised means, and acting carefully) are typical measures of pre-medical assistance, which are covered by the requirement "to take possible measures".
Clause 1.10 (the term "Road Traffic Accident")
"A road traffic accident is an event that occurred during the movement of a vehicle, as a result of which people were killed or injured, or material damage was caused".
This term links the situation with the victim (including injuries such as fractures) specifically to a traffic accident, within which the obligation to act according to clause 2.10 arises, including providing pre-medical assistance.
Thus, the correct answer is "All answers are correct.", given that the Traffic Rules require a participant in a traffic accident to take possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance to the victim, and the listed actions in case of suspected closed fracture are precisely such measures.
When a casualty shows signs of a closed fracture (severe pain, swelling, inability to move the limb, unnatural position), the main task of the driver providing first aid is to prevent the condition from worsening until medical professionals arrive. According to the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, the list of actions for a driver in the event of a traffic accident explicitly includes providing first aid to victims within their capabilities and calling emergency services.
First of all, the casualty should be helped to take a position in which the pain is less and there is no unnecessary movement in the injured area. For example, if a broken arm is suspected, it should be gently supported and positioned so that it does not "hang down," and in the case of a leg injury, any load and unnecessary movement should be avoided.
Next, it is necessary to immobilize the injured limb, that is, to perform immobilization. This is done by applying a splint to limit movement at the possible fracture site and in the adjacent joints. This action reduces pain and lowers the risk that bone fragments will shift and cause additional internal injuries.
If a standard splint is not available, the Traffic Rules and first aid practice allow the use of improvised materials. In real situations, these can be straight, rigid objects such as a board, stick, or thick cardboard, which are applied to the limb and secured with cloth, a belt, or a bandage so that the limb remains immobile, but without excessive compression.
Therefore, the correct answer is "All answers are correct," because in the presence of signs of a closed fracture, it is necessary to both provide the casualty with a comfortable position and ensure immobilization with a splint, and if one is not available, to use improvised means for reliable immobilization.