37.41. If, during the examination of a casualty, a penetrating abdominal injury with a fixed foreign object is detected, you:
UAЯкщо під час огляду постраждалого виявлено проникну травму черевної порожнини з фіксованим стороннім предметом у ній, Ви:
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This is an exam question on pre-medical aid after a traffic accident, which is directly related to road safety and the driver's responsibility for correct actions at the scene. In the theoretical exam, it is important to understand the basic principle: to help in a way that does not worsen the victim's condition. Penetrating abdominal injuries are among the most dangerous, as they may be accompanied by internal bleeding and organ damage, so any unjustified manipulations can have critical consequences.
The question tests knowledge of the requirements of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, Section 2 "Duties and Rights of Drivers," clause 2.10 (subclauses "d" and "e"): the driver must take possible measures to provide pre-medical aid, call emergency (ambulance) medical assistance, and, if necessary, organize transportation to a medical facility. In the context of traffic rules, this means acting safely: stabilizing the condition, monitoring vital functions, not creating additional risks, and ensuring the rapid arrival of medical personnel.
Analysis of the options shows a typical mistake: attempting to remove a foreign object from the wound. Such actions can increase bleeding or further injure internal organs, as the object sometimes partially "seals" the damaged tissues. Instead, the correct tactic for pre-medical aid at the scene of a traffic accident is to securely fix the object in the position it is in (so it does not move or press), monitor the victim's condition, do not give food or drink, limit unnecessary movement, and wait for the emergency medical team. This is the practical fulfillment of the driver's duties according to the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, which this exam question checks.
Clause 2.10 (Section 2 "Duties and Rights of Drivers", subclause "d")
In case of involvement in a road traffic accident, the driver is obliged to: take possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance to the victims, call an emergency (ambulance) medical team.
Explanation of application: the question checks that "taking possible measures of pre-medical assistance" means acting safely for the victim (in particular, not worsening the condition with unjustified manipulations), ensuring monitoring and control of the victim's condition until the arrival of medical professionals.
Clause 2.10 (Section 2 "Duties and Rights of Drivers", subclause "e")
In case of involvement in a road traffic accident, the driver is obliged to: if necessary, send the victims to the nearest medical facility by passing transport, and if this is not possible — transport them in their own vehicle, having first recorded the location of accident traces, as well as the position of the vehicle after it has stopped; at the medical facility, report their surname and the registration number of the vehicle (presenting an identity document or driver's license) and return to the scene of the accident.
Explanation of application: this clause emphasizes the priority of urgent medical assistance and the need to organize its provision/transportation of the victim, but within the limits of safe pre-medical actions.
That is, the correct answer is "Securely fix the foreign object in the wound and monitor the victim until the arrival of the emergency (ambulance) medical team," given that according to the requirements of the Traffic Rules, the driver is obliged to take possible measures to provide pre-medical assistance to the victim and call an emergency (ambulance) medical team, without taking actions that may worsen the victim's condition.
When providing first aid after a traffic accident, the main rule for the driver or witness is not to cause harm. A penetrating abdominal wound is especially dangerous because internal organs and major blood vessels may be damaged, and the victim’s condition can deteriorate rapidly. Therefore, your actions must be as careful as possible and aimed at preserving the current state until medical professionals arrive.
If a foreign object is visible in the wound, which is stuck and not falling out, it must not be removed. In such cases, the object sometimes partially "blocks" damaged tissues or blood vessels, and attempting to remove it can sharply increase internal bleeding or further injure organs. Even if the object seems small or "in the way," it is impossible to remove it safely without medical conditions and special instruments.
The correct tactic at the scene is to ensure that the object does not move. To do this, it should be carefully stabilized with a dressing: place soft rolls of bandage or clean cloth around the wound and secure them so that the object remains in the same position, without pressing on the abdomen. For example, if it is a fragment or metal element, it should be reliably "propped up" from the sides and bandaged so that during the victim’s movements or transportation, the object does not shift.
After stabilization, you need to monitor the victim’s condition and wait for the emergency medical team: watch for consciousness, breathing, signs of deterioration, do not allow eating or drinking, and prevent unnecessary movements. Your task as a road user providing first aid is to call for medical help and support the victim until they arrive, without performing actions that could worsen the injury.
Therefore, the correct answer is "Securely fix the foreign object in the wound and monitor the victim until the arrival of the emergency (ambulance) medical team," because removing the object can cause additional injuries and increase bleeding, while the safe solution is to stabilize it and wait for medical professionals.