31.10. In which case is the operation of a car permitted?
UAУ якому випадку дозволяється експлуатація автомобіля?
Question without image
This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine checks the understanding of which technical malfunctions directly affect the driver's safety and visibility, and therefore may be grounds for prohibiting further movement. For the theoretical exam, it is important to clearly distinguish critical malfunctions that create a risk of an accident from those that mainly cause discomfort but are not defined by the traffic rules as prohibitive.
In content, this question belongs to the section of the Traffic Rules on the technical condition of vehicles and the conditions of their operation, specifically to point 31.4 and subpoint 31.4.4, where the cases in which operation is prohibited are listed. Malfunctions of windshield wipers and washers are directly mentioned in this list, since during rain, snow, fog, or road dirt, they are critically important for visibility, and loss of visibility directly threatens traffic safety.
That is why options related to non-working windshield wipers or washers are grounds for prohibiting operation according to point 31.4.4 of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine. In contrast, a malfunction of the window regulator is not listed in point 31.4, so from the perspective of the traffic rules, it is not a defined reason for prohibiting the operation of a car. In practice, this may complicate the use of the car (the window does not go down or up), but it does not have such a direct impact on safety as malfunctioning windshield cleaning and washing systems.
Clause 31.4
The operation of vehicles is prohibited according to the legislation in the presence of such technical malfunctions and non-compliance with such requirements.
Clause 31.4.4 (windshield wipers and washers)
Windshield wipers and washers: a) the wiper on the steering wheel side does not work; b) the washers provided by the vehicle design do not work.
That is, the correct answer is "The window regulator does not work," given that according to the definition of the Traffic Rules, the prohibition of operation is established only for the specific technical malfunctions listed in clause 31.4 (in particular, in clause 31.4.4 — for the wiper/washer), and a malfunction of the window regulator is not included in this list.
In this question, you need to determine which malfunction the Traffic Rules prohibit the operation of a car with, and which one they allow. The key point here is that clause 31.4 of the Traffic Rules contains a list of technical malfunctions that prohibit the operation of a vehicle if present.
In particular, clause 31.4.4 of the Traffic Rules specifically highlights windshield wipers and washers. The logic is simple: if the devices that ensure the cleaning and wetting of the windshield do not work, the driver may quickly lose proper visibility during rain, snow, fog, or when dirt is thrown up by the wheels of other vehicles. Insufficient visibility directly creates a traffic safety hazard, so such malfunctions are classified as prohibitive.
On the other hand, a non-working window regulator is not listed in clause 31.4. This means that, from the perspective of the Traffic Rules as grounds for prohibiting operation, such a malfunction is not defined. It may cause everyday inconvenience (the window does not go down or up), but it is not a technical malfunction that the Traffic Rules explicitly specify as a reason to prohibit operation.
Therefore, the correct answer is "The window regulator does not work," since this malfunction is not included in the list of prohibitions in clause 31.4 of the Traffic Rules, unlike malfunctions of windshield wipers and washers, which directly prohibit operation.