31.1. What are the names of the external white lighting devices, provided by the vehicle's design, installed at the front of the vehicle, and intended to improve its visibility during daylight hours?
UAЯк називаються зовнішні світлові пристрої білого кольору, передбачені конструкцією транспортного засобу, встановлені спереду транспортного засобу і призначені для поліпшення його видимості під час руху в світлий час доби?
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This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerns road safety and the correct use of external lighting devices. The ability to distinguish between lighting modes and vehicle marking directly affects the visibility of a car to other road users during the day, thereby reducing the risk of collisions on rural roads and in heavy traffic conditions.
The question tests knowledge of terms and definitions in the traffic rules, particularly the "Terms" section (point 1.10) and related requirements in the section on the use of external lighting devices (in particular, point 9.8). It refers to front white lighting devices that are structurally installed specifically to improve the visibility of the vehicle during daylight hours, and not to illuminate the road for the driver. This feature excludes options related to "working" lighting of the roadway.
The analysis of answers in the theoretical exam is based on the purpose of each device. Fog lights and low beam headlights are primarily intended to illuminate the road (especially in poor visibility), so they are not the "daytime" marking referred to in the term. Position lights are designed to indicate the dimensions and usually have much lower brightness; they are easily confused with the daytime mode, but these are different concepts. The option "2 and 3" is also incorrect, as it mixes devices with different functions, whereas the traffic rules define a separate type of front white lights to improve daytime visibility.
Practically, this knowledge helps to correctly choose the lighting mode depending on the conditions and requirements of the traffic rules: if such lights are structurally provided in the vehicle, they are used for daytime driving, and if absent, another permitted mode is used according to the rules. Understanding the difference between "marking the vehicle" and "illuminating the road" is often the key to correctly answering similar exam questions.
Clause 1.10 (term "Daytime Running Lights")
Daytime running lights are external white lighting devices, provided by the vehicle's design, installed at the front of the vehicle, and intended to improve its visibility while driving during daylight hours.
This term directly and literally describes the features mentioned in the question (white color, front installation, purpose — improving the vehicle's visibility during daylight hours).
Clause 9.8
All motor vehicles outside populated areas must have their daytime running lights turned on, and if these are not provided in the vehicle's design — the low beam headlights must be used.
This clause additionally establishes the practical use of daytime running lights and distinguishes them from other lighting devices by providing an alternative: in the absence of DRLs, the low beam headlights are used.
Therefore, the correct answer is "Daytime running lights," since according to the definition in the Traffic Rules, these are external white lighting devices installed at the front of the vehicle and intended to improve its visibility while driving during daylight hours.
The question describes white lighting devices located at the front of the car, which are switched on not to illuminate the road, but specifically to make the vehicle itself more visible during the day. This is an important hint: the focus is on the visibility of the car to other road users, not on the driver's convenience of seeing the road.
In the terminology of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine (paragraph 1.10), such devices are defined as daytime running lights. They are installed at the front of the vehicle, have a white color, and are provided by the vehicle's design. Their purpose is specifically to “mark” the vehicle while driving during daylight hours, so that it can be noticed in time more easily.
To avoid confusion, it is important to distinguish these lights from low beam headlights or fog lights: those are used, among other things, to illuminate the road in front of the car. Also, daytime running lights should not be confused with position (parking) lights, as position lights are much dimmer and are mainly intended to mark the vehicle at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, not as a separate bright “daytime” mode.
Therefore, the correct answer is "Daytime running lights," as these are the front external white lighting devices provided by the vehicle's design, which are switched on during the day specifically to increase the visibility of the car while driving.