23.6. Towing is considered to be the movement of one vehicle by another, which does not pertain to the operation of road trains (vehicle combinations):
UAБуксируванням вважається переміщення одним транспортним засобом іншого, яке не належить до експлуатації автопоїздів (транспортних составів):
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This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerns road safety during the forced movement of a malfunctioning vehicle. In practice, a correct understanding of what is considered towing affects the choice of transportation method, compliance with restrictions and requirements for marking and lighting, and thus reduces the risk of traffic accidents. Such nuances are regularly tested in the theoretical exam because confusion between “towing” and “transportation” occurs most often.
The question tests knowledge of terms and definitions in the traffic rules, in particular paragraph 1.10 (the term “Towing”). According to the definition in the Traffic Rules, towing is the movement of one vehicle by another using a rigid or flexible coupling, as well as by the method of partial loading onto a platform or special supporting device. The key idea is that with partial loading, the towed vehicle continues to roll on the road with at least one pair of wheels, and this distinguishes towing from evacuation with full lifting.
The analysis of the answer options comes down to the boundaries of the definition: the wording about rigid or flexible coupling corresponds to paragraph 1.10, as does the option about partial loading. In contrast, full loading of a vehicle onto a platform or supporting device means that the car is actually being transported as cargo (by a tow truck), and not towed in the sense of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine. That is why the correct answer is the combination of the two correct methods, and including full loading makes the answer incorrect.
For preparation for the theoretical exam, it is worth remembering a simple rule: if the vehicle is fully carried by the platform and its wheels do not contact the roadway, this is no longer “towing” according to the terms of the Traffic Rules, but transportation. And if there is a coupling (rope/bar) or partial loading with wheel contact with the road, then the towing rules and corresponding safety requirements apply.
Clause 1.10 (term “Towing”)
“Towing” means the movement of one vehicle by another vehicle, which does not pertain to the operation of road trains (vehicle combinations), using a rigid or flexible coupling or by partial loading onto a platform or special supporting device.
Brief application: this definition covers the methods of “rigid coupling” and “flexible coupling” (these are options 1 and 2 in the question). In contrast, the complete loading of a vehicle onto a platform (by a tow truck) according to the meaning of the term “towing” is not considered towing, but rather transportation.
Clause 1.10 (term “Road train (vehicle combination)”)
“Road train (vehicle combination)” means a motor vehicle connected to one or more trailers.
Brief application: the question checks the understanding that “towing” is specifically the movement of a vehicle that does not pertain to the operation of a road train (that is, it is not the usual movement of a vehicle with a trailer(s) as a road train).
Therefore, the correct answer is “The answers indicated in items 1, 2.”, considering that according to the definition in the Traffic Rules, towing is performed using a rigid or flexible coupling (as well as possible partial loading), whereas complete loading onto a platform does not fall under the term “towing”.
The term "towing" is defined in the Traffic Rules in paragraph 1.10. It refers to a situation where one vehicle moves another vehicle, and this movement is not the regular operation of a road train (i.e., not a trip with a technically sound trailer/semi-trailer as a standard part of the combination).
According to this definition, towing is possible in several forms, but in exam scenarios, the main point is most often checked: towing is the movement using a rigid or flexible coupling (rope, bar, etc.), as well as movement by the method of partial loading, when the towed vehicle partially rests on a platform or supporting device, but at least one axle remains on the road. That is, the towed vehicle continues to roll with some of its wheels on the carriageway.
It is important to distinguish this from the complete loading of a vehicle onto a tow truck platform. When the car is fully lifted and its wheels do not touch the road, it is not actually a "vehicle in motion" being moved, but rather a "cargo" (the car itself as cargo). Therefore, this option does not fall under the definition of "towing" in paragraph 1.10.
Thus, the correct answer is "The answers indicated in points 1, 2," since towing according to the Traffic Rules covers movement with a flexible or rigid coupling and by the method of partial loading, while complete loading onto a platform is considered cargo transportation, not towing.