2.17. Which of the following is included in the duties of drivers?
UAЩо з переліченого нижче входить в обов'язки водіїв?
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This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine tests the basic requirements for driver behavior on the road and is directly related to road safety. The essence of the topic is that the driver is responsible not only for operating the vehicle, but also for ensuring that their actions do not create risks for other participants, do not worsen the condition of the road, and help prevent dangerous situations. It is precisely these “everyday” duties that most often cause mistakes on the theoretical exam, as they seem obvious but are clearly fixed in the traffic rules.
The question belongs to the section General Provisions and Duties of Road Users, and specifically relies on clause 2.3 of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, which lists what the driver is obliged to do to ensure safety. It is important here to understand the logic of the options: being attentive and monitoring the situation is a direct duty of the driver while driving; not polluting the carriageway and the roadside is a requirement that prevents slipping, damage to the surface, and the creation of obstacles; not creating threats to road safety is a general principle of responsible behavior, which covers both maneuvering and actions outside of driving; notifying road maintenance organizations or the police about obstacles is a duty to respond to dangers (for example, spilled cargo, a tree on the carriageway, a sinkhole). Since each of these points is directly provided for in clause 2.3, the correct answer is the generalized option that includes the entire list.
The practical significance of this topic for learning and passing the exam is that it forms a “standard of behavior” for the driver in any situation, regardless of the type of road or traffic intensity. Knowledge of the duties from clause 2.3 helps not only to answer the test correctly, but also in real traffic: fewer distractions — more time to react; a clean carriageway — fewer accident factors; timely reporting of obstacles — faster elimination of danger for everyone. This is one of the key topics that should be remembered as the foundation of responsible driving according to the traffic rules.
Clause 2.3 (driver's duties)
To ensure road safety, the driver is obliged to:
a) before driving, check and ensure the technical serviceability and completeness of the vehicle, the correct placement and securing of the cargo;
b) be attentive, monitor the road situation, respond appropriately to its changes, monitor the correct placement and securing of the cargo, the technical condition of the vehicle, and not be distracted from driving this vehicle on the road;
c) in cars equipped with passive safety devices (headrests, seat belts), use them and not transport passengers who are not wearing seat belts. It is allowed not to fasten the seat belt for the person teaching driving if a student is behind the wheel, and in populated areas, in addition, for drivers and passengers with disabilities whose physiological characteristics prevent the use of seat belts, as well as for drivers and passengers of emergency and special vehicles and taxis;
d) while riding a motorcycle or moped, wear a fastened motorcycle helmet and not transport passengers without fastened motorcycle helmets;
e) not pollute the carriageway and the roadside strip of motor roads;
f) not create a threat to road safety by their actions;
g) inform road maintenance organizations or authorized units of the National Police about detected facts of creating obstacles to road traffic;
h) not commit actions that may damage motor roads and their components, as well as cause harm to users.
That is, the correct answer is "Answers 1,2,3,4 are duties.", given that, according to the definition of the Traffic Rules in clause 2.3, the corresponding driver duties are directly listed (checking technical condition/completeness, attentiveness while driving, use of seat belts/helmets, prevention of pollution and creation of danger and obstacles).
In this question, you need to recall the general duties of a driver, which are directly defined by clause 2.3 of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine. This particular clause lists what a driver must do to ensure road safety, and these requirements are mandatory, not "optional."
Firstly, the driver is obliged, before starting to drive, to check the technical condition and completeness of the vehicle and make sure that the cargo (if any) is properly placed and secured. A practical example: before departure, you should make sure that the brakes, steering, and lighting devices are working properly, and that items in the trunk or cargo in the body cannot shift and create a hazard.
Secondly, while driving, the driver must be attentive and constantly monitor the road situation, respond promptly to its changes, and not be distracted from driving. For example, the driver should notice if a traffic jam suddenly forms ahead or a pedestrian steps onto a crosswalk, and in advance choose a safe speed and distance.
Thirdly, the duties include the use of passive safety devices: seat belts (as well as ensuring passengers are buckled up), and for motorcycles and mopeds — riding with a fastened helmet and carrying passengers only in helmets. That is, this is not a recommendation but a requirement aimed at reducing injuries in the event of an accident or sudden braking.
Fourthly, the driver must not pollute the carriageway or the road reserve, must not create a threat to traffic safety by their actions, and must also report to the relevant services or police about detected obstacles or dangerous conditions for traffic. For example, if a tree has fallen on the road or cargo has spilled and this creates a danger, the driver does not ignore the situation but acts responsibly and informs the competent authorities.
Thus, each of the items listed in answers 1, 2, 3, and 4 directly corresponds to the content of the driver's duties from clause 2.3 of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine and is part of the general requirement to ensure road safety.
Therefore, the correct answer is "Answers 1, 2, 3, and 4 are duties," since clause 2.3 of the Traffic Rules directly obliges the driver to check the serviceability and completeness of the vehicle, be attentive and not distracted, use passive safety devices, and not create/ignore dangers on the road, in particular not pollute the carriageway and report obstacles to traffic.