15.14. Which of the drivers violated the Traffic Rules by stopping?
UAХто з водіїв порушив Правила дорожнього руху, виконавши зупинку?
This exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerns road safety in areas with an increased risk of creating obstacles: on engineering structures of grade-separated interchanges (overpasses, bridges, flyovers) and in the area underneath them. Such sections usually have limited space, poorer visibility, and fewer opportunities for safe bypassing, so any stop here quickly creates danger both for the traffic flow and for the drivers themselves.
The question tests the section of the traffic rules regarding stopping and parking, specifically the application of clause 15.9 (c) of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, which explicitly states that stopping is prohibited on overpasses, bridges, flyovers, and underneath them, as well as in tunnels. An important nuance for the theoretical exam: the prohibition applies both to the structure itself and to the space underneath it, so it does not matter which particular vehicle stopped or exactly where within this zone it did so.
If we analyze the answer options, the statement that only two drivers (for example, the black car and the bus, or the bus and the gray car) violated the rules is incorrect, as it narrows the scope of the rule to specific participants. Instead, the correct conclusion is that all committed a violation, since each stop shown was made in a prohibited place according to clause 15.9 (c), and the definition of the term "stop" from clause 1.10 reminds us that even a short-term cessation of movement (up to 5 minutes or more) falls under these rules, unless exceptions provided by the Traffic Rules apply.
Clause 15.9 (c) of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine
Stopping is prohibited: on overpasses, bridges, flyovers and under them, as well as in tunnels.
Clause 1.10 (term “Stopping”)
Stopping — cessation of movement of a vehicle for up to 5 minutes or more, if necessary for boarding (alighting) passengers or loading (unloading) cargo, fulfilling the requirements of these Rules (including at the request of a police officer), traffic light signals, or traffic controller instructions.
Thus, the correct answer is "Drivers of all vehicles are violating.", taking into account that according to the definition in the Traffic Rules, stopping (cessation of movement) is directly prohibited both on overpasses/bridges/flyovers and under them (clause 15.9 (c) of the Traffic Rules).
In the image, the vehicles have stopped in the area of an engineering structure at different traffic levels — an overpass (flyover) and the space beneath it. For such places, the Rules establish a specific, strict prohibition because these are areas with limited space and an increased risk of creating an obstruction to traffic flow.
According to clause 15.9 (c) of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, stopping is prohibited on overpasses, bridges, flyovers, and underneath them, as well as in tunnels. That is, the prohibition applies not only to the carriageway on the structure itself but also to the area beneath it. In this situation, it does not matter who exactly stopped — a passenger car, a bus, or another vehicle: the rule is the same for everyone.
It is important to understand the practical meaning of this rule. A vehicle stopped on an overpass or underneath it can narrow the roadway, reduce visibility, complicate maneuvering, and create a traffic jam in a place where it is often difficult or dangerous to bypass an obstacle. That is why the Rules prohibit stopping in such zones, regardless of whether the driver considers it "convenient" or not.
Therefore, the correct answer is "Drivers of all vehicles are violating," since clause 15.9 (c) of the Rules directly prohibits stopping both on overpasses (flyovers) and underneath them, and the drivers shown have stopped precisely in this prohibited zone.