14.1. In which of the illustrations is overtaking shown?
UAНа якому з малюнків показаний обгін?
This is an exam question from the Traffic Rules of Ukraine concerning the safe execution of maneuvers while driving: the driver must be able to distinguish situations when a vehicle is overtaking another from situations when an overtaking maneuver (passing) is being performed. In real conditions, mistakes in recognizing these maneuvers often lead to dangerous entries into oncoming traffic and incorrect risk assessment, so the topic is directly related to road safety and preparation for the theoretical exam.
The question tests knowledge of the section of the Traffic Rules regarding terms and definitions, specifically point 1.10, where the concepts of "overtaking" and "passing" are clearly distinguished. According to the Traffic Rules, overtaking is considered to be passing that necessarily involves entering the oncoming traffic lane, while passing is performed within adjacent lanes of the same direction without entering the oncoming lane.
In the first image, the maneuver takes place on a road with one lane in each direction, so to pass a slower vehicle, the driver is forced to move left into the oncoming lane and then return back—this corresponds to the definition of overtaking. In the second image, the movement occurs within the same-direction lanes (opposing flows are separated), so it shows passing, not overtaking; therefore, the option "on both" is also incorrect. Understanding this difference helps to answer similar exam questions correctly and make safe decisions on the road.
Clause 1.10 (term “Overtaking”)
Overtaking — passing one or more vehicles, involving entering the oncoming traffic lane.
Clause 1.10 (term “Passing”)
Passing — movement of a vehicle at a speed exceeding the speed of a parallel vehicle moving in the adjacent lane in the same direction.
That is, the correct answer is "In the first one," given that according to the definition in the Traffic Rules, overtaking is specifically passing with entry into the oncoming traffic lane, which is shown in the first illustration (in the second one — passing within the same-direction lanes).
To answer correctly, you need to distinguish between two terms from point 1.10 of the Traffic Rules: overtaking and passing. Overtaking is a type of passing that necessarily involves moving into the oncoming traffic lane. Passing is when a vehicle moves faster than another vehicle traveling in the same direction, but without entering the oncoming lane, using an adjacent lane in its own direction.
In the first image, the road has one lane in each direction, separated by markings that divide the opposing flows. To pass a slower vehicle, the driver is forced to move left into the oncoming traffic lane, then return to their own lane. The presence of this entry into the oncoming lane is the sign of overtaking according to the definition in the Traffic Rules.
In the second image, it is clear that there are two lanes in one direction, and the maneuver is performed within the same direction: the driver moves into the adjacent lane going the same way and passes another vehicle without crossing into the oncoming lane. This matches the definition of passing, not overtaking.
Therefore, the correct answer is "In the first one," because only there is the passing associated with entering the oncoming traffic lane, which, according to point 1.10 of the Traffic Rules, is overtaking.